![half life 1.5 skins half life 1.5 skins](https://img.dsncdn.net/full/012/BJb/dSd.jpg)
( 3) detected the dermal emission of toluene from both smokers and non-smokers due to unintentional passive smoking in indoor environments.
HALF LIFE 1.5 SKINS SKIN
( 10) investigated the amount of chemicals emanating from the skin surface of 10 subjects and found an increased dermal emission of toluene from one male subject due to toluene exposure at his workplace. Exposure to toluene is known to cause adverse health effects such as headaches, dizziness, feelings of intoxication, eye, nose and throat irritation by laboratory and workplace studies ( 9). Toluene (IUPAC systematic name: methylbenzene) is commonly used as a solvent and is released from various products found in homes, including paints, adhesives, automotive products, and some personal care products ( 9). Therefore, the human skin is a possible excretion route of volatile compounds from the human body. Exogenous volatile compounds absorbed into the body are also released via this route ( 3, 6). Volatile compounds are formed by the internal metabolism and carried into the blood, and they can move to the skin surface with sweating and/or directly travel from the blood through the dermal layers as a vascular network lies beneath the skin ( 4). It has been attracting considerable attention in relation to various roles such as a mosquito attractant ( 1), specific odour of elderly people ( 2), indicator of smoking ( 3) and drinking alcohol ( 4), non-invasive medical biomarkers for severe burns ( 5), acute poisoning ( 6), liver disease ( 7), and diabetes ( 8). Human skin gas is known as traces of gas emanating from the human skin. This demonstrates that dermal emission is a newly discovered route of excretion of toluene from the human body and that dermal toluene might indicate the individual biological susceptibility to inhalation exposure to toluene. This suggests the toluene is excreted approximately 80% through urine, 7% - 14% by exhaled air, and 10% from the skin surface. The whole-body emission rate of toluene was estimated to be 9.9% of the uptake rate by inhalation exposure. The half-life obtained from the decrease in the dermal emission flux suggested the time-course of the dermal emission corresponds to that of the blood concentration. The dermal emission of toluene occurs when toluene is absorbed by inhalation. This study aimed to characterise the mechanism of toluene emanating from the skin surface of healthy volunteers in relation to inhalation exposure.ĭermal emission flux of toluene was determined in healthy volunteers employing a passive flux sampler and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. However, dermal emission of toluene has not been fully determined in relation to inhalation exposure. Exogenous chemicals such as toluene may be released from the skin surface when absorbed into the body.